Memandang Wanita Ajnabiyah Melalui Paparan Skrin: Integrasi Perspektif Fuqaha Mazhab Syafii dan Seksologi Kontemporari

Viewing Non-Mahram Women on Screens: An Integration of Shafi'i Jurisprudence and Contemporary Sexology

Abstract

ABSTRAK

Revolusi teknologi paparan skrin dengan purata masa pendedahan global 6 jam 58 minit sehari mencetuskan perdebatan fiqh tentang hukum memandang wanita ajnabiyah melalui skrin. Sesetengah sarjana berpegang kepada qias literal pandangan al-Qalyubi dan al-Bujayrimi tentang keharusan melihat pantulan kabur dalam air atau cermin untuk mengharuskan memandang wanita ajnabiyah dalam paparan skrin beresolusi tinggi yang boleh disimpan dan disebarkan tanpa had. Jurang pemahaman ini kritikal apabila data Jabatan Perangkaan Malaysia (2023) menunjukkan lonjakan perceraian 43.1% dalam kalangan pengguna aktif media sosial, manakala kajian neurosains membuktikan pendedahan visual 2-3 jam mencetuskan pelepasan dopamin setara rangsangan fizikal. Kajian ini bertujuan menganalisis konsep fitnah syahwat dari perspektif fuqaha Mazhab Syafii dan ahli perubatan seksologi berkaitan memandang wanita ajnabiyah melalui paparan skrin, seterusnya membangunkan skema pengukuran praktikal panduan masyarakat Muslim kontemporari. Menggunakan metodologi analisis dokumen kualitatif, kajian mengintegrasikan kitab turath Mazhab Syafii dengan kajian neurosains dan seksologi (2000-2024). Dapatan menunjukkan tiga pengukuran fiqh klasik: pertambahan getaran berahi, kelazatan pandangan dan timbulnya fitnah yang bertriagulasi dengan bukti saintifik tentang pengaktifan nukleus akumbens, pelepasan dopamin, dan potensi ketagihan visual. Kajian mencadangkan skema pengukuran tiga peringkat berdasarkan masa pendedahan skrin, jenis interaksi dan konteks privasi, mengintegrasikan prinsip ghadd al-basar dengan realiti paparan skrin kontemporari. Implikasi kajian menyediakan kerangka hukum responsif untuk ahli perundangan Islam dan pembuat dasar mengawal selia interaksi maya, sekali gus memelihara kesucian jiwa dan kestabilan institusi kekeluargaan.

The proliferation of screen technology with global average screen time reaching 6 hours 58 minutes daily has sparked jurisprudential debates regarding the ruling on viewing non-mahram women through screens. Some scholars adhere to literal analogy (qiyas) of al-Qalyubi and al-Bujayrimi's opinions permitting viewing blurred reflections in water or mirrors to justify viewing non-mahram women on high-resolution screens that can be saved and shared indefinitely. This interpretive gap becomes critical as Malaysian Department of Statistics (2023) data shows a 43.1% surge in divorce rates among active social media users, while neuroscience studies confirm that 2-3 hours of visual exposure triggers dopamine release equivalent to physical stimulation. This study aims to analyse the concept of fitnah (temptation) arising from shahwah (desire) from the perspectives of Shafi'i school jurists and medical sexology experts regarding viewing non-mahram women through screens, subsequently developing a practical measurement framework for contemporary Muslim society. Employing qualitative document analysis methodology, the study integrates classical Shafi'i texts with contemporary neuroscience and sexology research (2000-2024). Findings reveal that three classical fiqh parameters - increased arousal, visual pleasure, and emergence of suspicion - triagulate well with scientific evidence on nucleus accumbens activation, dopamine release, and visual addiction potential. The study proposes a three-tier measurement scheme based on screen exposure duration, interaction types, and privacy contexts, integrating the principle of ghadd al-basar (lowering gaze) with contemporary screen reality. Study implications provide a responsive legal framework for Islamic jurists and policymakers in regulating virtual interactions while preserving spiritual purity and Muslim family institution stability.