Analisis Pendekatan Maqāṣid Al-Syari’ah Menurut Liberal Dalam Wacana Hukum Islam

Analysis of the Maqāṣid Al-Shari’ah Approach in Islamic Legal Discourse According to Liberals

Abstract

Maqāṣid al-syari’ah kini mendapat tempat dalam pelbagai wacana Islam. Dari sudut yang positif, perkembangan ini dilihat bermanfaat kepada masyarakat kerana ianya dapat menambahkan pemahaman umat Islam terhadap intipati Syariah serta penerimaan masyarakat majmuk melalui penzahiran kemaslahatan yang terdapat di sebalik syariah keseluruhannya. Namun demikian, mutakhir ini perbincangan maqāṣid al-syari’ah dilihat membimbangkan apabila bercambahnya aliran yang tidak lagi menjadikan disiplin usul al-fiqh dalam memahami nas syarak sebagai asas utama dalam perbincangan maqāṣid al-syari’ah dan penentuan maslahah. Sebaliknya, penafsiran-penafsiran yang bersifat hermeneutik dengan didorong hawa nafsu dan keinginan duniawi menjadi asas perbincangan wacana maqāṣid al-syari’ah bagi golongan ini. Justeru, melalui metodologi kepustakaan, kajian yang dijalankan ini bertujuan mendedahkan metodologi aliran liberal dalam wacana semasa maqāṣid al-syari’ah. Setelah menjalankan analisis kandungan secara deduktif, induktif dan komparatif, kajian mendapati terdapat empat pendekatan utama yang dipraktikkan oleh aliran ini dalam wacana hukum Islam dari perspektif maqāṣid al-syari’ah. Justeru, metodologi sedemikian perlu ditangani melalui pendekatan secara counter narratives.

Maqāṣid al-shari'ah now finds its place in various Islamic discourses. On the positive side, this development is seen as beneficial to the community as it can increase the understanding of Muslims towards the essence of Shari'ah as well as the acceptance of the plural societies through the disclosure of the sanctity behind the Shari'ah as a whole. Recently, the discussion of maqāṣid al-shari'ah is seen as alarming upon the flow of discussion was no longer makes the discipline of usul al-fiqh in understanding the syara' as the main basis in the discussion of maqāṣid al-shari'ah and the determination of maslahah. On the contrary, hermeneutic interpretations driven by lust and worldly desires become the basis of the discussion of maqāṣid al-shari'ah discourse for this group. Precisely, through the literature methodology, this study is aimed on revealing the methodology of liberal thought in the discourse of maqāṣid al-shari'ah. After conducting deductive, inductive and comparative content analysis, the study found that there are four main approaches practiced by this school in Islamic legal discourse from the perspective of maqāṣid al-shari'ah. In fact, such a methodology needs to be addressed through a counter-narrative approach.